PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.